Gukata Laser no Gukata Amazi: Tekinoroji ebyiri zikomeye zihuza? Cyangwa nibyiza iyo ari wenyine? Nkuko bisanzwe, igisubizo giterwa nakazi kari kumaduka, ni ibihe bikoresho bikoreshwa cyane, urwego rwubuhanga rwabakora, kandi amaherezo bije yibikoresho birahari.
Nk’uko ubushakashatsi bwakozwe ku batanga amasoko akomeye muri buri sisitemu, igisubizo kigufi ni uko indege z’amazi zidahenze kandi zihindagurika kurusha lazeri mu bijyanye n’ibikoresho bishobora gutemwa. Kuva ku ifuro kugeza ku biryo, indege z’amazi zigaragaza guhinduka bidasanzwe. Ku rundi ikiganza, laseri zitanga umuvuduko utagereranywa kandi utomoye mugihe utanga ubwinshi bwibyuma byoroheje bigera kuri santimetero 1 (25,4 mm).
Kubijyanye nigiciro cyo gukora, sisitemu yindege ikoresha ibikoresho byangiza kandi bisaba guhindura pompe. Lazeri ya fibre ifite igiciro cyambere cyambere, ariko igiciro cyo gukora ugereranije na babyara babo ba CO2 bakuze;barashobora kandi gusaba amahugurwa menshi yabakoresha (nubwo intera igezweho igabanya umurongo wo kwiga) .Mu kugeza ubu ikoreshwa cyane rya waterjet abrasive ni garnet.Mu bihe bidasanzwe iyo ukoresheje ibintu byinshi byangiza nka oxyde ya aluminium, kuvanga umuyoboro na nozzle bizagira imyambarire myinshi . Hamwe na garnet, ibice byamazi birashobora kugabanya amasaha 125;hamwe na alumina barashobora kumara amasaha 30 gusa.
Dustin Diehl, umuyobozi w’ibicuruzwa mu gice cya laser cya Amada America Inc muri Buena Park, muri Califiya, avuga ko amaherezo, ubwo buryo bwombi bugomba kubonwa ko bwuzuzanya.
Diehl yabisobanuye agira ati: "Iyo abakiriya bafite ikoranabuhanga ryombi, baba bafite byinshi bahindura mu gupiganira amasoko." Bashobora gupiganira akazi ako ari ko kose kuko bafite ibyo bikoresho bibiri bitandukanye ariko bisa kandi bashobora gupiganira umushinga wose. "
Urugero, umukiriya wa Amada ufite sisitemu ebyiri akora ubusa kuri lazeri. byongeye kandi ukore hemming cyangwa kashe.Ni umurongo muto wo guterana. ”
Mu bindi bihe, Diehl yakomeje avuga ko amaduka yavuze ko bashaka kugura sisitemu yo gukata lazeri ariko ntibatekereze ko bakora imirimo myinshi kugira ngo basobanure neza amafaranga yakoreshejwe. ”Niba ukora ibice ijana, kandi bisaba byose. umunsi, tuzabasaba kureba laser.Turashobora gukora urupapuro rw'icyuma mu minota aho gukora amasaha. ”
Tim Holcomb, inzobere mu gusaba muri OMAX Corp. Kent, Wash., Uyobora iduka rifite laseri zigera kuri 14 hamwe n’amazi y’amazi, aribuka ko yabonye ifoto yabonye mu myaka yashize muri sosiyete ikoresha lazeri, amazi y’amazi n’insinga EDM.icyapa. Icyapa gishyiraho ibikoresho byiza nubunini buri bwoko bwimashini zishobora gukora - urutonde rwindege zamazi dwarfs izindi.
Ubwanyuma, "Ndabona lazeri zigerageza guhatanira isi ya waterjet naho ubundi, kandi ntabwo bazatsinda hanze yimirima yabo." Yasobanuye kandi ko kubera ko waterjet ari uburyo bwo guca ubukonje, "turabishoboye koresha byinshi mubuvuzi cyangwa kwirwanaho kuko tudafite zone yibasiwe nubushyuhe (HAZ) - turi tekinoroji ya microjet.Minijet nozzle no gukata microjet "Byadutwaye rwose."
Mu gihe laseri yiganje mu guca ibyuma byirabura byoroheje, ikoranabuhanga rya waterjet ni “icyuma cy’ingabo z’Ubusuwisi cy’inganda zikoresha imashini zikoresha imashini,” nk'uko byemezwa na Tim Fabian, umuyobozi wungirije ushinzwe kwamamaza no gucunga ibicuruzwa muri Flow International Corp. i Kent, Washington. Umunyamuryango wa Shape Itsinda ry'ikoranabuhanga. Abakiriya bayo barimo Irushanwa rya Joe Gibbs.
Fabian yabisobanuye agira ati: “Niba ubitekerezaho, uruganda rukora imodoka rusiganwa nka Joe Gibbs Racing ntirushobora kubona imashini za lazeri kuko akenshi zigabanya ibice bito bivuye mu bikoresho byinshi bitandukanye, birimo titanium, aluminium na fibre karubone.” y'ibikenewe badusobanuriye ni uko imashini bakoreshaga yagombaga kuba yoroshye cyane kuri gahunda.Rimwe na rimwe, umukoresha ashobora gukora igice muri ¼ ”[6.35 mm] aluminium hanyuma akayishyira ku modoka yo gusiganwa, ariko hanyuma ugahitamo ko igice kigomba gukorwa na Made ya titanium, urupapuro rwinshi rwa karuboni, cyangwa urupapuro rwa aluminiyumu yoroheje. ”
Yakomeje agira ati: "Ku kigo gakondo gikora imashini za CNC, yakomeje agira ati:" izi mpinduka ni nyinshi. "Kugerageza guhindura ibikoresho biva mubikoresho bikava mubice bikagera kubice bisobanura guhindura imitwe ikata, umuvuduko wa spindle, igipimo cyibiryo na gahunda.
“Kimwe mu bintu badusunikiraga gukoresha amazi yajet ni ugukora isomero ry'ibikoresho bitandukanye bakoresheje, bityo icyo bagombaga gukora ni ugukanda imbeba ebyiri hanyuma bagahindura kuva ¼” aluminium ikajya ½ ”[12.7 mm] fibre ya karubone, "Fabian yakomeje." Ubundi gukanda, bava kuri ½ "fibre karubone bagera kuri 1/8 ″ [3.18 mm] titanium."Joe Gibbs Racing ni "ukoresha ibintu byinshi bidasanzwe hamwe nibintu udakunze kubona abakiriya basanzwe bakoresha.Twebwe rero umwanya munini twakoresheje dukorana nabo kugirango dushyire amasomero hamwe nibikoresho bigezweho.Hamwe nibikoresho amagana mububiko bwacu, hariho inzira yoroshye kubakiriya bongera kubikoresho byabo byihariye no kwagura iyi base base.”
Undi mukoresha wo mu rwego rwo hejuru ukoresha Flow waterjet ni SpaceX ya Elon Musk. "Dufite imashini zitari nke muri SpaceX zo gukora ibice by'ubwato bwa roketi." Fabian yagize ati: Undi muntu ukora ubushakashatsi mu kirere, Blue Origin, na we akoresha imashini ya Flow. " 'ntabwo dukora 10,000 mubintu byose;barimo gukora kimwe muri byo, bitanu muri byo, bine muri byo. ”
Kububiko busanzwe, "Igihe cyose ufite akazi kandi ukeneye 5,000 ¼" yikintu gikozwe mubyuma, laser igiye kugorana gutsinda ", Fabian."Ariko niba ukeneye ibice bibiri byibyuma, ibice bitatu bya aluminiyumu Ibice byakozwe cyangwa ibice bine bya nylon, birashoboka ko utatekereza gukoresha lazeri aho gukoresha amazi. Hamwe nindege yamazi, urashobora guca ibintu byose, kuva mubyuma bito kugeza kuri 6 ″ kugeza kuri 8 ″ [15.24 kugeza kuri 20.32 cm] icyuma.
Hamwe na lazeri n'ibikoresho byayo bigabanywa, Trumpf ifite ikirenge cyiza muri laser na CNC isanzwe.
Mu idirishya rifunganye aho amazi ya lazeri na lazeri bishoboka cyane guhuzagurika-uburebure bwicyuma burenga santimetero 25 [mm 25.4] - amazi ya water agumana inkombe ityaye.
Umuyobozi w'ikigo cya Laser Technology and Sales Kugisha inama .Nyuma yibyo, itandukaniro rirasobanutse: ibitari ibyuma birashobora gutunganyirizwa kumazi, mugihe kubicyuma icyo ari cyo cyose 1 ″ kibyibushye cyangwa cyoroshye, "lazeri ntakibazo kirimo. Gukata lazeri birihuta cyane, cyane cyane muburyo bworoshye na / cyangwa ibikoresho bikomeye - urugero, ibyuma bitagira umwanda ugereranije na aluminium. ”
Kubice birangiye, cyane cyane ubwiza bwuruhande, nkuko ibikoresho bigenda byiyongera kandi ubushyuhe bwinjira bukaba ikintu, waterjet yongeye kubona inyungu.
Thompson yiyemereye ati: “Aha niho hashobora kuba indege y'amazi ishobora kugira akarusho, urugero rw'ubunini n'ibikoresho birenze urwa lazeri rufite akarere gato gashushe.Nubwo inzira itinda kuruta laser, waterjet nayo itanga ubuziranenge bwiza.Ukunda kandi kubona uburinganire bwiza cyane iyo ukoresheje amazi ya water - ndetse n'ubugari bwa santimetero, kandi nta burr na busa. ”
Thompson yongeyeho ko ibyiza byo kwikora mu rwego rwo kwishyira hamwe mu bicuruzwa byagutse ari laser.
"Hamwe na laser, kwishyira hamwe kwuzuye birashoboka: kwikorera ibikoresho kuruhande rumwe, no gusohora bivuye kurundi ruhande rwa sisitemu yo gukata no kugonda, hanyuma ukabona igice cyarangiye kandi kigoramye.Muri iki gihe, indege y’amazi irashobora kuba ikiri amahitamo mabi - kabone niyo haba hari uburyo bwiza bwo gucunga ibikoresho - kubera ko ibice byaciwe buhoro kandi bigaragara ko ugomba guhangana n’amazi. ”
Thompson yemeza ko lazeri zidahenze gukora no kubungabunga kuko “ibikoreshwa bikoreshwa ari bike, cyane cyane fibre fibre.”Ariko, "igiciro rusange kitaziguye cyamazi yamazi arashobora kuba make kubera imbaraga nke hamwe nubworoherane bwimashini.Biterwa rwose n'ukuntu ibyo bikoresho byombi byateguwe kandi bikabungabungwa. ”
Yibuka ko igihe Holcomb ya OMAX yakoraga iduka mu myaka ya za 90, “Igihe cyose nagize igice cyangwa igishushanyo mbonera ku meza yanjye, igitekerezo cyanjye cya mbere cyari iki: 'Nshobora kubikora kuri lazeri?'” Ariko mbere yuko mbimenya Mbere, twari kubona imishinga myinshi kandi myinshi yagenewe amazi.Ibyo nibikoresho binini hamwe nubwoko bumwebumwe bwibice, ntidushobora kwinjira mu mfuruka ikomeye cyane kubera zone yibasiwe nubushyuhe bwa laser;isohoka mu mfuruka, ku buryo twaba twishingikirije ku ndege y'amazi - ndetse n'ibyo lazeri isanzwe ikora Ni nako bigenda byiyongera. ”
Mugihe impapuro imwe yihuta kuri lazeri, impapuro zegeranye kugeza enye zirihuta kumazi.
“Iyo nza guca uruziga rwa 3 ″ x 1 ″ [76.2 x 25.4 mm] kuva kuri 1/4 ″ [6.35mm] ibyuma byoroheje, birashoboka ko nahitamo lazeri kubera umuvuduko wacyo kandi neza.Kurangiza - gukata impande Contour - bizaba byinshi birangije ibirahure, byoroshye. ”
Ariko kugirango ubone laser yo gukora kururu rwego rwukuri, yongeyeho ati: "ugomba kuba umuhanga mubihe byinshi n'imbaraga.Turabishoboye cyane, ariko ugomba kubihamagara cyane;hamwe nindege zamazi, kunshuro yambere, Banza ugerageze.Ubu, imashini zacu zose zifite sisitemu ya CAD yubatswe. Nshobora gushushanya igice kuri mashini. ”Yongeyeho ati: "Ibi ni byiza cyane mu gukoresha prototyping," nshobora gukora porogaramu ku buryo butaziguye ku mazi, ku buryo byoroshye guhindura umubyimba n'ibikoresho. "Igenamiterere ry'akazi n'inzibacyuho “biragereranywa;Nabonye inzibacyuho zijyanye n'amazi asa na lazeri. ”
Noneho, kubikorwa bito, gukoresha prototyping cyangwa gukoresha uburezi - ndetse no kumaduka akunda cyangwa igaraje - ProtoMAX ya OMAX izanye pompe na caster kumeza yo kwimuka byoroshye.Ibikoresho byakazi byarohamye mumazi yo gukata bucece.
Ku bijyanye no kubungabunga, “Ubusanzwe nshobora gutobora umuntu mu munsi umwe cyangwa ibiri hanyuma nkabohereza mu murima vuba cyane.” Holcomb.
Amapompo ya EnduroMAX ya OMAX yagenewe kugabanya imikoreshereze y’amazi no kwemerera kwiyubaka byihuse. Ubu verisiyo ifite kashe eshatu zifite imbaraga. ”Ndacyabwira abantu kwitondera kubungabunga pompe iyo ari yo yose, atari iyanjye gusa.Ni pompe yumuvuduko mwinshi, fata umwanya wawe kandi ubone imyitozo ikwiye. ”
Yatanze igitekerezo agira ati: "Indege z'amazi ni intambwe nini yo gutera intambwe no guhimba, kandi birashoboka ko intambwe ikurikiraho izaba laser." Bituma abantu baca ibice.Kandi feri yo gukanda irahendutse rwose, kuburyo ishobora gukata no kuyunama.Mu bidukikije, ushobora kuba ushaka gukoresha lazeri. ”
Mugihe fibre fibre itanga uburyo bwo guca ibyuma (umuringa, umuringa, titanium), indege zamazi zirashobora guca ibikoresho bya gaze na plastike kubera kubura HAZ.
Diehl yagize ati: "Gukoresha ibisekuru bigezweho bya sisitemu yo guca fibre" ubu biratangaje cyane, kandi aho umusaruro ushobora kugenwa na porogaramu. "Ndi mu iduka kandi mugihe cya CO2 optique itangira gusaza no kwangirika, kugabanya ubuziranenge, kandi niba ushobora gusuzuma ibyo bibazo, ufatwa nkumukoresha mwiza.Sisitemu ya fibre uyumunsi ni guteka-gukata, ntibifite ibyo kurya, kuburyo bishobora gufungura cyangwa kuzimya - gukata ibice cyangwa sibyo.Bisaba akantu gato kabuhariwe basaba ubuhanga.Ibyo ni Said, ntekereza ko kuva mu ndege y'amazi ujya kuri laser bizaba byoroshye kandi byoroshye. ”
Diehl avuga ko sisitemu isanzwe ya fibre laser ishobora gukoresha amadolari 2 kugeza kuri $ 3 kumasaha, mugihe amazi yo mumazi akoresha amadorari 50 kugeza 75 $ kumasaha, ukurikije imikoreshereze mibi (urugero, garnet) hamwe nogusubiramo pompe.
Mugihe imbaraga za kilowatt za sisitemu yo gukata lazeri zikomeje kwiyongera, ziragenda ziba inzira yindege zamazi mubikoresho nka aluminium.
Diehl abisobanura agira ati: “Mu bihe byashize, iyo aluminiyumu yijimye yakoreshwaga, amazi yo mu mazi yari kugira inyungu.” t reba muri iyisi igihe kirekire cyane, ariko ubu hamwe na optique ya fibre optique hamwe niterambere ryikoranabuhanga rya laser, 1 ″ aluminium ntakiri ikibazo.Niba warakoze kugereranya ibiciro, kubushoramari bwambere mumashini, indege zamazi zirashobora kubahendutse.Ibice byaciwe na lazeri birashobora kuba inshuro 10, ariko ugomba kuba muri ibi bidukikije cyane kugirango uzamure ibiciro.Mugihe ukoresha byinshi bivanze nubunini buke, Hashobora kubaho ibyiza bimwe byo gufata amazi, ariko mubyukuri ntabwo biri mubidukikije.Niba uri mu bidukikije ibyo ari byo byose aho ugomba gukoresha ibice amagana cyangwa ibihumbi, ntabwo ari porogaramu y'amazi. ”
Mu kwerekana ubwiyongere bw'ingufu za lazeri ziboneka, tekinoroji ya ENSIS ya Amada yavuye kuri 2 kW igera kuri 12 kWt ubwo yatangizwaga muri 2013. Ku rundi ruhande rw'ibipimo, imashini ya VENTIS ya Amada (yatangijwe muri Fabtech 2019) ituma ibintu byinshi bitunganyirizwa ibikoresho hamwe nigiti kigenda kijyanye na diameter ya nozzle.
Diehl yagize ati: "Turashobora gukora tekinike zitandukanye dusubira inyuma, hejuru no hepfo, impande zose, cyangwa ishusho-umunani", Diehl yagize ati: "Kimwe mu bintu twigiye ku ikoranabuhanga rya ENSIS ni uko ibikoresho byose bifite uburyohe ikibanza - inzira ikunda guca.Turabikora dukoresheje ubwoko butandukanye bwimiterere no gushiraho ibiti.Hamwe na VENTIS, twe Irasubira inyuma hafi nkibiti;uko umutwe ugenda, urumuri rugenda rusubira inyuma, bityo ukabona imirongo yoroheje cyane, ubwiza buhebuje, ndetse rimwe na rimwe byihuta. ”
Kimwe na sisitemu ntoya ya ProtoMAX ya OMAX, Amada arimo gutegura "sisitemu ntoya ya fibre fibre sisitemu" kumahugurwa mato cyangwa "R&D prototyping mahugurwa" adashaka kwinjira mumashami yabyo mugihe bakeneye gusa gukora prototypes nkeya.igice. ”
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gashyantare-09-2022