Nikkei Asia yatangaje ko ibiciro by'ibintu bidasanzwe by'isi bidasanzwe (REEs) ndetse no gukenera abacukuzi b'abahanga babishoboye bigenda byiyongera mu gihe amakimbirane ya politiki na gisirikare hagati ya Amerika n'Ubushinwa ariyongera.
Ubushinwa bwiganje mu nganda zidasanzwe ku isi kandi nicyo gihugu cyonyine gifite amasoko yuzuye kuva mu bucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro, gutunganya, gutunganya kugeza ku isi idasanzwe.
Umushakashatsi w’ibicuruzwa Roskill avuga ko guhera mu mwaka ushize, yagenzuye 55 ku ijana by’ubushobozi bw’isi na 85 ku ijana by’ubutaka budasanzwe.
Ubu bwiganze bushobora kwiyongera, kubera ko Beijing yatangaje ko ifite ubushake bwo “ubufatanye bwa gicuti” n’ubutegetsi bushya bw’abatalibani bo muri Afuganisitani, bwicaye ku gaciro ka tiriyari imwe y’amadolari y’amabuye y'agaciro adakoreshwa nk'uko impuguke z’isi zidasanzwe zibitangaza.
Igihe cyose Ubushinwa bubangamiye guhagarika cyangwa kugabanya ibyoherezwa mu mahanga, ubwoba bw'isi bwohereza ubutare bw'isi budasanzwe kuzamuka.
Ibintu bidakunze kubaho ku isi ni ingenzi mu ikoranabuhanga rigezweho - ibintu byose uhereye kuri misile, abarwanyi b'indege nka F-35, kugeza kuri turbine z'umuyaga, ibikoresho by'ubuvuzi, ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi, telefoni zigendanwa, na moteri y'ibinyabiziga bivangavanze n'amashanyarazi.
Raporo y’ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi cya Kongere yavuze ko buri F-35 isaba ibiro 417 by’ibikoresho bidasanzwe by’ubutaka kugira ngo bikore ibintu bikomeye nka sisitemu y’amashanyarazi na magnesi.
Nk’uko Nikkei Asia ibivuga, Max Hsiao, umuyobozi mukuru mu ruganda rukora amajwi i Dongguan, mu Bushinwa, yemeza ko ayo mashanyarazi akomoka ku mavuta ya rukuruzi yitwa neodymium praseodymium.
Igiciro cy’icyuma cya Hsiao gikoresha mu guteranya disikuru za Amazone n’uruganda rukora mudasobwa zigendanwa Lenovo rwikubye kabiri kuva muri Kamena umwaka ushize rugera kuri 760.000 ($ 117,300) kuri toni muri Kanama.
Xiao yabwiye Nikkei Aziya ati: "Kwiyongera kw'ibikoresho by'ingenzi bya magneti byagabanije inyungu zacu byibuze amanota 20 ku ijana… ibyo rwose byagize ingaruka zikomeye."
Nibyingenzi mubikoresho bitandukanye bya tekiniki - ibintu byose uhereye kubavuga na moteri yimodoka yamashanyarazi kugeza kubikoresho byubuvuzi n'amasasu yuzuye.
Ubutaka budasanzwe nka neodymium oxyde, uruhare runini muri moteri y’amashanyarazi na turbine y’umuyaga, nabwo bwazamutseho 21.1% kuva umwaka watangira, mu gihe holmium, ikoreshwa muri magnesi hamwe n’amavuta ya magnetostrictive ya sensor na moteri, yazamutse hafi 50% .
Mugihe ikibazo cyo kubura isoko cyegereje, abahanga bavuga ko izamuka ry’ibiciro by’isi bidasanzwe rishobora kuzamura igiciro cy’ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki by’abaguzi.
Hagati aho, hakurya y'isi, akarere k'ubutayu ka Nevada gatangiye kumva ko hakenewe ibintu bidasanzwe ku isi.
Muri Nevada, abantu bagera ku 15.000 ni bo bakoreshwa mu bucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro ya Leta. Perezida w'ishyirahamwe ry'ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro ya NVMA (NVMA), Tire Gray, yavuze ko ibyo byatwaye inganda “imirimo igera kuri 500” - ibyo bikaba bimaze imyaka myinshi.
Raporo yo mu cyumweru cy’ubucuruzi cy’amajyaruguru ya Nevada, ivuga ko mu gihe Amerika ishakisha umutekano w’imbere mu gihugu ku bintu bidasanzwe by’ubutaka n’andi mabuye y'agaciro nka lithium, ibikenerwa n'abacukuzi benshi biziyongera gusa.
Batteri ya Litiyumu yatangijwe bwa mbere mu myaka ya za 70 kandi igurishwa na Sony mu 1991, ubu ikoreshwa muri terefone ngendanwa, indege, n'imodoka.
Bafite kandi igipimo gito cyo gusohora kurusha izindi bateri, gutakaza hafi 5% mukwezi ugereranije na 20% kuri bateri ya NiCd.
Gray yagize ati: "Bizaba ngombwa kuzuza imirimo dusigaranye ubu, kandi hazakenerwa kuzuza imirimo izaremwa biturutse ku kongera ibicuruzwa biva mu bucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro."
Kugira ngo ibyo bigerweho, Gray yerekanye umushinga wa lithium uteganijwe kuri Thacker Pass mu Ntara ya Humboldt, hafi ya Orowada.
Gray yabwiye NNBW ati: "Bazakenera abakozi b'ubwubatsi kugira ngo bateze imbere ibirombe byabo, ariko rero bazakenera abakozi bagera ku 400 b'igihe cyose kugira ngo bakore ibirombe."
Ibibazo by'umurimo ntibyihariye muri Nevada. Dukurikije ibiro bishinzwe ibarurishamibare muri Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika (BLS), biteganijwe ko akazi ko gucukura amabuye y'agaciro na geologiya kaziyongera 4% gusa kuva 2019 kugeza 2029.
Mugihe icyifuzo cyamabuye y'agaciro gikomeje kwiyongera, abakozi bafite ubumenyi buke baruzuza imyanya yabakozi.
Uhagarariye Nevada Gold Mines yagize ati: “Twagize amahirwe yo kubona iterambere ritigeze ribaho mu bucuruzi bwacu.Ariko, ibi kandi byiyongera kubibazo bivuye kubakozi.
Ati: "Twizera ko impamvu ihita ibitera ari icyorezo ndetse n'impinduka zishingiye ku muco muri Amerika.
Ati: “Nyuma yuko icyorezo cyangije ibintu byose mu mibereho y'abantu, kimwe n'andi masosiyete yo muri Amerika, turabona bamwe mu bakozi bacu bongeye gusuzuma amahitamo yabo.”
Muri Nevada, umushahara mpuzandengo wa buri mwaka ku bakora mu bucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro n'abakozi bakora mu bucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro ni $ 52.400;nk'uko BLS ibivuga, umushahara w'abashakashatsi mu bucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro na geologiya wikubye kabiri cyangwa urenga ($ 93.800 kugeza $ 156,000).
Usibye imbogamizi zo gukurura impano nshya mu nganda, ibirombe bya Nevada biherereye mu bice bya kure bya leta - ntabwo ari icyayi cya buri wese.
Abantu bamwe batekereza kubacukuzi bitwikiriye ibyondo na soot bakora mubihe bibi, basuka umwotsi wumukara kumashini zishaje.Ishusho itangaje ya Dickens.
Gray yabwiye NNBW ati: "Ikibabaje ni uko inshuro nyinshi abantu bagifata inganda nk'inganda mu myaka ya 1860, cyangwa n'inganda za 1960."
Ati: "Iyo rwose turi ku isonga mu iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga.Turimo gukoresha ikoranabuhanga rigezweho kandi rihari kugira ngo ducukure ibikoresho mu buryo bwizewe bushoboka. ”
Muri icyo gihe kandi, Amerika irimo gukora ibishoboka ngo igabanye kwishingikiriza ku Bushinwa bitewe n’uko umubano w’Amerika n'Ubushinwa wifashe nabi ndetse n’intambara yo kurwanya ikoranabuhanga rigenda rigaragara:
Jeff Green, perezida w'ikigo cyita ku nyungu JA Green & Co, yagize ati: “Guverinoma ishora imari mu kubaka ubushobozi bushya, igerageza kubaka buri kintu cyose gitanga isoko.Ikibazo ni ukumenya niba dushobora kubikora mu bukungu. ”
Ni ukubera ko Amerika ifite amategeko akomeye ku buzima bw’abantu n’ibidukikije, bikunda gutuma umusaruro uhenze.
Igitangaje ni uko Ubushinwa bukenera ibintu bidasanzwe ku isi ari byinshi ku buryo bwarenze ibicuruzwa byatanzwe mu gihugu mu myaka itanu ishize, bigatuma ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga byiyongera.
David Zhang, umusesenguzi mu nama nyunguranabitekerezo ya Sublime China Information yagize ati: "Ubushinwa ubwabwo umutekano w’isi udasanzwe ntabwo byemewe."
Ati: “Irashobora kugenda igihe umubano w’Amerika n'Ubushinwa wifashe nabi cyangwa igihe jenerali wa Miyanimari yiyemeje gufunga umupaka.”
Inkomoko: Nikkei Aziya, CNBC, Icyumweru cy’ubucuruzi cya Nevada y'Amajyaruguru, Ikoranabuhanga ry’ingufu, BigThink.com, Ishyirahamwe ry’amabuye y'agaciro ya Nevada, Isoko.org, Ikinyamakuru Times Financial
Uru rubuga, kimwe nizindi mbuga nyinshi, rukoresha dosiye nto zitwa kuki zidufasha kunoza no gutunganya uburambe bwawe. Wige byinshi kubyerekeranye nuburyo dukoresha kuki muri politiki yacu ya kuki.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Werurwe-03-2022